Adverbial clauses of purpose (Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ mục đích) lý thuyết và bài tập thực hành chi tiết

S + Vmệnh đề chính (main clause) + so thatin order that + will/would S + can/couldmay/might + V (bare-inf.)mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ mục đích(adverbial clause of purpose)Nếu chủ ngữ của mệnh đề chính và mệnh đề chỉ mục đích khác nhau ta không được dùng cụm từ chỉ mục đích ( phrase of purpose ).   PHRASES AND CLAUSES OF PURPOSE(CỤM TỪ VÀ MỆNH ĐỀ CHỈ MỤC ĐÍCH)I. Cụm từ chỉ mục đích (Phrases of purpese)1. Để diễn đạt mục đích khẳng định, ta dùng cụm từ bắt đầu bằng to-infinitive, in order/ so as + to- infinitive .Ex : I try to study to pass my next exam.We worked very hard in order to complete the project in time. He does morning exercise regularly so as to improve his health.2. Để diễn tả mục đích phủ định ta dùng một cụm từ bắt đầu bằng so as not to hoặc in order not to . Ex : She got up early so as not to miss the bus.He studies hard so as not to fail in the exam.II. Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ mục đích (Adverbial clauses of purpose)Mệnh đề chỉ mục đích thường được bắt đầu bằng so that, in order that . Mệnh đề chỉ mục đích có cấutrúc sau:Ex : I try all my best to study English in order that I can find a better job.He hurried so that he wouldn’t miss the train.Lưu ý:III. Các dạng bài tập.1. Dạng bài tập 1: Nối 2 câu có cùng chủ ngữ thành 1 câu có cụm từ chỉ mục đích hoặc mệnh đề chỉ mục đích. to-infinitivein order to+ V(bare-inf.)so as toEx : Mary gets up early every morning. She wants to learn her lessons. Mary gets up early every morning to learn her lessons. Mary gets up early every morning so that she can learn her lessons.We learn English. We want to have better communication with other people. We learn English to have better communication with, other people. We learn English so that we will have better communication with other people. He was in a hurry. He wanted to catch the bus. He was in a hurry to catch the bus. He was in a hurry in order that he would catch the bus.2. Dạng bài tập 2: Nối 2 câu có cùng chủ ngữ nhưng sau want có tân ngữ hoặc túc từ (object) Ex : He gave me his address. He wanted me to visit him. He gave me his address so that I would visit him.They whispered. They didn’t want anyone to hear their conversation. They whispered in order that no one could hear their conversation. Nếu muốn dùng cụm từ chỉ mục đích (phrase of purpose) ở dạng này, ta phải theo công thức: in order for + O + to-infinitiveEx : He gave me his address in order for me to visit him.They whispered in order for no one to hear their conversation.3. Dạng bài tập 3: Đổi từ cụm từ sang mệnh đề hoặc ngược lại.Ex : We hurried to school so as not to be late. We hurried to school so that we wouldn’t be late . Mary locked the door sothat she wouldn’t be disturbed . Mary locked the door so as not to be disturbed .He studies hard in order to pass his exam . He studies hard so that he can pass his exam .4. Dạng bài tập 4: Hoàn tất câu với cụm từ hoặc mệnh đề chỉ mục đích.Ex : She studies English so that...He stood up in order...Lưu ý:- Khi động từ trong mệnh đề chính ở thì hiện tại (present), ta dùng will/ can ở mệnh đề chỉ mục đích.- Khi động từ trong mệnh đề chính ở thì quá khứ (past), ta dùng would/ could ở mệnh đề chỉmục đích.EXERCISESI. Use a phrase or clause of purpose to combine each pair of sentences below.1. The boy stood on the benches. They wanted to get a better view.2. We lower the volume of the radio. We don’t want to bother our neighbours.3. I’ll write to you. I want you to know my decision soon. 4. These men were talking in whispers. They didn’t want anyone to hear their conversation.5. The boy feigned to be sick. He hoped we didn’t make him work.6. The man spoke loudly. He wanted everybody to hear him clearly.7. Doris often goes home as soon as the class is over. She doesn’t want her mother to wait for her.8. John gets up early. He doesn’t want to be late for class. 9. Mary hid the novel under her pillow. She didn’t want her father to see it.10. Alice prepares her lesson carefully. She wants to get high marks in class.11. The robber changed his address all the time. He didn’t want the police to find him.12. They did their jobs well. They hoped the boss would increase their salary.13. You should walk slowly. Your sister can follow you.14. I’m studying hard. I want to keep pace with my classmates. 15. We turned out the lights. We didn’t want to waste electricity.16. This pupil read only for short periods each day. He didn’t want to train his eyes.17. I whispered. I didn’t want to disturb anyone.1. The clown took off his mask. He didn’t want to frighten the children.19. My father drove carefully. He didn’t want to cause accidents. 20. Sue dutifully followed her parents’ advice. She didn’t want to cause trouble for her parents.21. Mr Thompson is learning Vietnamese. He wishes to read Kim Van Kieu.22. Please shut the door. I don’t want the dog to go out of the house.23. The farmer built a high wall around his garden. The fruits wouldn’t be stolen.24. The police stopped the traffic every few minutes. The pedestrians might cross the road.25. The notices are written in several languages. Everyone may understand them. 26. I wish to have enough money. I want to buy a new house.27. Dick is practising the guitar. He can play for the dance.2. She needs a job. She wants to support her old parents. 29. He moved to the front row. He could hear the speaker better.30. She put the meat into the oven. She wanted it to be ready for dinner.II. Rewrite the following sentences, using phrases off purpose.1. Leave early so that you may get home before dark.2. This man changed his address constantly so that he could avoid the police. 3. I shouted in order that I could warn everyone of danger.4. Banks are developed so that they can keep people’s money safe.5. Mary went to the library in order that she could borrow some books.6. Yesterday father went to the bank so that he would open a checking account.7. I went to see him so that I could find out what had happened. 8. Tom is saving up so that he can buy a new bicycle.9. He hurried so that he could catch the train.10. She is learning French so that she will be able to speak it when she comes to Paris.III. Change phrases of purpose to clauses of purpose or vice versa.1. We hurried to school so as not to be late.2. He climbed the tree in order to get a better view. 3. You should get up early so that you will have time to review your lesson.4. Some young people like to earn their own living in order that they will be independent of their parents.5. We should do morning exercises regularly so as to improve our health.6. We should take advantage of the scientific achievements of the world so that we can develop our national economy. 7. Every people in the world must unite their efforts to maintain and protect peace. 8. She put on warm clothes so that she wouldn’t catch cold.9. He hurried to the station so as not to miss the train. 10. She locked the door so as not to be disturbed.IV. Complete the following sentences.1. Tom hurried so that...2. Mary asked her parents for permission in order...3. They’re studying English so that...4. He stood up to... 5. I gave her my telephone number in order that...6. I’ll come there early in order...7. The teacher explained the lesson again so that...8. The firemen rushed into the burning house to...9. He is saving money so that... 10. They are in a hurry so as not...11. We study hard in order...12. Mary has made a big cake so that...13. They went to Paris to... 14. He tries to go to work in time so as not...15. The workers went on strike so that...