PHRASES AND CLAUSES OF RESULT (CỤM TỪ VÀ MỆNH ĐỀ CHỈ KẾT QUẢ) lý thuyết và bài tập vận dụng cao

S + be (look, seem, become, get...) + too + adj (+ for + O) + to-infinitive S + V(thường) + too + adv (+ for + O) + to-infinitive.S + be + adj + enough (+ for + O) + to-infinitiveS + V(thường) + adv + enough (+ for + O) + to-infinitive PHRASES AND CLAUSES OF RESULT(CỤM TỪ VÀ MỆNH ĐỀ CHỈ KẾTQUẢ)I. Cụm từ chỉ kết quả (phrases of result)Cụm từ chỉ kết quả thường có TOO ( quá ) hoặc ENOUGH ( đủ ).1. TOO (quá ... không thể)Ex: He is too short to play basketball.Tom ran too slowly to become the winner of the race. This book is too dullfor you to read.Lưu ý:Too thường được dùng trong câu có nghĩa phủ định (quá... không thể). 2. ENOUGH (đủ ... để có thể)Ex : Mary isn’t old enough to drive a car.She speaks Spanish well enough to be an interpreter. It is cold enough to wear a heavy jacket.II. Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ kết quả (Adverbial clauses off result)Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ kết quả là mệnh đề phụ được dùng để chỉ kết quả do hành động của mệnh đềchính gây ra.1. SO ... THAT (quá ... đến nỗi)Ex : It was so dark that I couldn’t see anything.S + be + so +adj + that + S + Vmain clause adverbial clause of resultS + V (thường) + so + adv+ that + S + VThe student had behaved so badly that he was dismissed from the class.Lưu ý:Nếu động từ trong mệnh đề chính là các động từ chi tri giác như look, appear, seem, feel, taste, smell, sound , …, ta dùng cùng công thức với động từ to be .Ex : The little girl looks so unhappy that we all feel sorry for her.The soup tastes so good that everyone will ask for more.- Nếu sau so có many, much, few, little thì ta có cấu trúc:Ex : The Smiths had so many children that they formed their own baseball team.I had so few job offers that it wasn’t difficultto select one. There are so many people in the room that I feel tired.Ex : He has invested so much money in the project that he can’t abandon it now.The grass received so little water that it turned brown in the heat. Một cấu trúc khác của SO ... THATEx : It was so hot a day that we decided to stay indoors.It was so interesting a book that he couldn’t put it down.2. SUCH ... THAT (quá ... đến nỗi)Ex : It was such a hot day that we decided to stay at home.She has such exceptional abilities that everyone is jealous of her. There are such beautiful pictures that everybody will want one. It is such an intelligent boy that we all admire him.S + V + so + much/ little + uncountable noun + that + S + V(danh từ không đếm được) S + V + so + adj + a + singular countable noun + that...(danh từ đếm được số ít)S + V + such + (a/ an) + adj + N + that + S + V S + V + so + many/few + plural countable noun + that + S + V(danh từ đếm được số nhiều)This is such difficult homework that I will never finish it.EXERCISESI. Use SO or SUCH.1. The sun shone brightly that Maria had to put on her sunglasses.2. Dean was a powerful swimmer that he always won the races.3. There were few students registered that the class was cancelled. 4. We had wonderful memories of that place that we decided to return.5. We had good a time at the party that we hated to leave.6. The benefit was great a success that the promoters decided to repeat it.7. It was a nice day that we decided to go to the beach.8. Jane looked sick that the nurse told her to go home.9. Those were difficult assignments that we spent two weeks finishing them. 10. Ray called at an early hour that we weren’t awake yet.11. The book looked interesting that he decided to read it.12. He worked carefully that it took him a long time to complete the project. 13. We stayed in the sun for a long time that we became sunburned.14. There were many people on the bus that we decided to walk.15. The program was entertaining that nobody wanted to miss it.II. Make sentences with SO ... THAT.1. The lesson is very difficult. Nobody can understand it.2. The work is very hard. I can’t finish it on time.3. This novel was very interesting. I couldn’t put it down.4. This song is very simple. All of us can sing it.5. My brothers and sisters were very excited about the trip. They couldn’t sleep.III. Make sentences with SUCH ... THAT.1. The house is very expensive. Nobody can buy it.2. The boy is very nice. We all like him.3. The weather was very cold. We couldn’t go out.4. The room was very dark. I couldn’t see anything.5. The day was nice. We decided to go to the beach.IV. Combine two sentences, using so ... THAT or SUCH THAT.1. The sun shone brightly. Maria had to put on her sunglasses.2. Dean was a powerful swimmer. He always won the races.3. There were few students registered. The class was cancelled.4. The house was beautiful. I took a picture of it.5. This coffee is strong. I can’t drink it. 6. This is a good film. I want to see it again and again.7. There was a lot of food. Everyone ate too much.8. There were a lot of guests. There wasn’t enough food.9. I ate a lot of sandwiches. I felt uneasy.10. David has a lot of work to do. He can’t come tonight.11. He was very sick. He was sent to the hospital. 12. It was very dark. He couldn’t see anything.13. He has very wide knowledge. We can’t help admiring him.14. His conduct is very good. All his teachers love him.15. Mary has a beautiful voice. We all like to hear her sing.16. John is still very weak. He can’t walk without a stick. 17. My father has a very good health. He seldom takes any medicines.18. There is too much noise. We can’t learn our lessons.19. My friend is very strong. He can lift up the table by himself.20. Bill is an intelligent boy. He is always at the top of his class.V. Use SUCH instead of SO to rewrite the sentences below.1. He is so clever that he can answer all my questions. 2. Mr. Keller is so rich that he can give the charitable society one million dollars.3. This city is so large that I’ve got lost. 4. That day was so nice that all of us went out for a walk.5. This shop is so small that we don’t take notice of it.6. That fish was so big that it could weigh fifty kilos.7. The test we did yesterday was so difficult that we couldn’t finish it an hour.8. The play we saw yesterday was so bad that we went out by halves. 9. The story he told us was so funny that I couldn’t help laughing.10. Jane’s conduct is so good that everybody likes her.11. Mary’s voice is so beautiful that we all like to hear her sing.12. Miss Snow’s ring is so valuable that she keeps it very carefully.13. Your dog is so fierce that nobody dares to approach it. 14. His house is so beautiful that he doesn’t want to sell it.15. Our car is so old that we must repair it three times a month.VI. Complete the following sentences.1. That lesson was so difficult that...2. The goods were so good that...3. We enjoyed the music so much that... 4. He is such a busy man that...5. They are such big shoes that...6. He spoke so fast that...7. He worked so hard that...8. Distances are so great that... 9. The mountains are so high that...10. I have so many things to do that...11. This is such a heavy package that...12. It is such a warm day that...13. That was such a good movie that...14. We had such a good time that... 15. This is such a difficult lesson that...16. There is so much noise here that...17. That book is so interesting that...18. They are such high mountains that...19. She speaks with such speed that... 20. She is such a busy person that...VII. Use the construction TOO... + to-infinitive to rewrite the sentences below.1. It was so cold that we didn’t want to go out.2. Mr. Pike is so weak that he can’t walk without a stick.3. The ground is so hard that we can’t dig it.4. The elephant is so big that it can’t run fast. 5. Your handwriting is so bad that I can’t read it.6. This man is so old that he can’t work. 7. These shoes are so big that I can wear them.8. These goods are so expensive that they can’t be sold quickly.9. She walked so fast that her younger sister couldn’t follow her.10. I got up so late that I didn’t have time to eat breakfast.VIII. Rewrite the sentences below, using ENOUGH instead of TOO1. He is too old to wear this coloured shirt.2. She is too weak to carry this bag.3. This pen is too expensive for me to buy.4. Bill is too foolish to understand what I say.5. This bag is too heavy for her to carry. 6. The test was too difficult for them to do.7. That sentence was too long for me to memorize.8. The land is too poor to grow crops.9. The room is too noisy for us to study.10. This book is too dull to read.11. We were too late to get good seats. 12. Jack is too lazy to make progress in his study.13. I’m too poor to help you with the money.14. These oranges are too sour for us to eat.15. The shelf is too high for the boy to reach.16. This road is too dangerous for her to go at night. 17. The water in this pool is too dirty to drink.18. Martha is too ugly to have a boyfriend.19. This room is too dark for us to study.20. He studied too badly to pass his exam.IX. Fill in the blanks with SO MUCH or SO MANY.1. We have ________ problems that we can’t go to bed early.2. Why have you got ________ furniture?3. There was ________ food that everyone ate too much.4. There were ________ guests that there wasn’t enough food.5. Why did you buy ________ beer?6. Doctor Simmon ________ has patients that he’s always busy.7. I ate ________ sandwiches that I felt ill.8. My father has ________ work to do that he can’t come back home tonight.9. Why did he drink ________ wine?10. They drank ________ wine that they couldn’t walk.11. His mother asks him to take ________ things that he can’t put all of them into his suitcase.12. There are ________ places of interest in London that Jane can’t decide where to go first.13. It took Jane ________ time to listen to her roommate.14. There was ________ noise in the room that I couldn’t work.15. There are ________ planets in the universe that we can’t count them.